Chemical Analysis
The analysis which is done for the detection of main
constituents present in the given chemical compound.
Qualitative Analysis
The analysis which is done for the detection of ions or
radicals present in the given inorganic salt is known as qualitative analysis.
Quantitative Analysis
The analysis which is done by measuring the quantity of a particular
component present in the given inorganic salt is known as quantitative
analysis.
Gravimetric analysis
The word 'gravimetric' derived from Latin word; 'gravis'
means weighing and 'metric' means measurement.
Gravimetric analysis is the part/method of analytical
analysis to determine the quantity of analyte based on the mass of solid.
Example: Measuring the solids suspended in the water sample:
once a known volume of water is filtered, the collected solids are weighed.
Steps in gravimetric analysis
1. 1. Preparation of a solution
2.
Precipitation
3.
Filtration
4.
Washing
5.
Drying and ignition
6.
Heating to constant weight
2. Precipitation: The constituent to be determined
is precipitated by adding an appropriate reagent (precipitant) in slight excess
to a dilute hot solution of the weighted sample with constant stirring. The
insoluble precipitate should be highly insoluble and be easily filterable.
3.
Filtration: It is the process of the separation
of precipitate from the mother liquor. If can be done either by filter paper
sintered glass crucible etc
4.
Washing: Precipitate should be washed several
times with a suitable wash liquid. Washing should be continued till the
filtrate is free from specified ions.
5.
Drying and ignition: It is done to
remove solvent and wash electrolytes and is done by heating at 110°C to 120°C for 1 to 2
hours
Heating to constant weight: After the precipitate is allowed to cool (preferably in a desiccators to keep it from absorbing moisture).
Volumetric Analysis
It is a general term for a method in quantitative analysis
in which the amount of substance is determined by the measurement of the volume
that the substance occupies.
It is commonly used to determine the unknown concentration
of known reactant.
It is ofter referred to as titration, a laboratory technique
in which one substance of known concentration and volume is used to react with
another substance of known concentration.
Titration
The process in which the concentration of unknown solution
is determined with the help of standard solution by using the indicator is
called titration.
Titrant
The solution of known concentration which is usually taken
in a burette is called titrant.
Titrand
The solution of unknown concentration which is being
titrated and usually taken in a conical flask is called titrand.
Titration is the slow addition of one solution of a known concentration (called a titrant) to a known value of another solution of unknown concentration until the reaction reaches neutralization, which is often indicated by a color change
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